TEQSA

While TEQSA provides a national approach to higher education regulation, and through the Federal government, is a major stakeholder, there are other stakeholders to consider when exploring the notion of quality in higher education. We will now examine the range of stakeholders in the higher education sector.

Stakeholders are representative groups or individuals that benefit from or contribute to the institution's activities and outcomes. Their level of influence and interaction depends on their interdependency, investment, shared risk and degree of association with institutional activities (Epigeum, 2017).

Table 1. Stakeholders

Stakeholder category	Constitutive groups, communities, clients, stakeholders, etc.
Government entities	State and federal government, governing board, board of trustees, buffer organisations
Administration	President (Vice-Chancellor), senior administrators
Employees	Faculty, administrative staff, support staff
Clientele	Students, parents, service partners, employees
Suppliers	Secondary education providers, alumni, other universities, food purveyors
Competitors	Direct: private and public providers of post-secondary education Potential: distance providers, new ventures Substitutes: employer-sponsored training programs
Donors	Individuals
Communities	Neighbours, school systems, social services
Government regulators	Department of Education and Training, TEQSA, ASQA, etc.
Non-government regulators	Foundations, program accrediting bodies, professional associations
Financial intermediaries	Banks, fund managers, analysts
Joint venture	Alliances and consortia, corporate

Source: Reprinted from "Stakeholder analysis of higher education institutions" by I. Marić, 2013, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 11(2), p. 222.